Fungi play an essential role in maintaining equilibrium in nearly every ecosystem, where they recycle nutrients by breaking down the bodies and wastes of other organisms such as the mycelia of mushrooms.
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The discovery of the antibiotic properties of penicillin changed the field of medicine, reducing harmful infections to just a little minor nuisance. Some cancer drugs and the anti-rejection drugs such as cyclosporin, which is used in organ transplant patients, come from fungi.
References
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/penicillin.aspx
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